What is Google Penguin?
 

and i would like to knew also about Google Panda and Humming Bird

it is algoritham of google based on different criteria.

Google penguin is the algorithm update by Google's webspam team and it help to show more relevant search results in Google.

Penguin that was launched in April 2012. The idea underlying the update was simple enough- penalize and decrease the rankings of sites that breach Google’s Webmaster Guidelines set the by the search engine.

Google launched Panda in February 2011, mainly as a change in its search results ranking algorithm. The main purpose of the update was just to keep those low quality and low content sites away from the top ranking results and give the actual quality sites their due. and the humming for the to provide the accurate result for the user,s query

Google pengin is relavent searches of content update algorithm and find the spam and removed the indexed.

Google Penguin is a code name for a Google algorithm update that was first announced on April 24, 2012.
The update is aimed at decreasing search engine rankings of websites that violate Google’s Webmaster Guidelines.

Google Panda and Google Penguin are Google SEO algorithm.
In Google Panda emphasis on COntent quality.
In Google Penguin emphasis on site ranking.

Some of important Factor with Google update.

Panda - issues with content

Penguin - issues with inbound links

Hummingbird - issues with search queries